He Wants to Spies Me Prayer Got Him to Love Me Again
seven. Caleb: Give Me This Mountain (Joshua xiv:six-15)
Audio (31:43)
James J. Tissot, 'The Grapes of Canaan' (1896-1902), gouache on board, Jewish Museum, New York.
We're going to digress from the big moving picture of the Conquest to a personal story of conquest -- one that has been forty-v years in the making.
The main grapheme here is Caleb, by now an former human of 85 years. And we'll have the opportunity to expect at his career of faith -- and God's faithfulness -- beginning at the fourth dimension of the Exodus.
One of the 12 Original Spies (Numbers 13-14)
The first fourth dimension we meet Caleb, the people of Israel are encamped at Kadesh Barnea, an haven in the Negev desert south of the Promised State. It has been only a year or 2 since they have come out of Egypt. The people have seen many miracles in that time -- the Red Body of water opening, h2o from the rock, and manna to feed a multitude. They've fought the Amalekite raiders and won. Moses has received the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai and destroyed the golden dogie. The Israelites have ratified the Covenant, congenital the Tabernacle, and constructed the Ark of the Covenant. The essentials of their nationhood under God equally their King have been established. Information technology is now time to enter the Promised Land.
At that time, Caleb is about forty years old, and a recognized leader of his tribe, the tribe of Judah, largest of the twelve tribes. The Lord has given Moses this directive:
"Transport some men to explore the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the Israelites. From each ancestral tribe send one of its leaders." (Numbers 13:two)
So Caleb and eleven of his peers are sent on a reconnaissance mission into Canaan. They go north along the ridge of mountains that provide the backbone of the country, from Hebron in the south all the way to Rehob[49] at the north stop of the land. Perhaps they are posing as traders; nosotros don't know. Along the way they observe carefully what they see: the nature of the cities and villages and their fortifications, the produce of the
country and its potential. Since they will be dividing up the land between the twelve tribes, it is of import that representatives from all the tribes be in on this initial survey of the land.
But they are particularly impressed with the city of Hebron, a walled urban center in the south, perched nearly at the crest of the mount chain at most 3,000 feet tiptop. It is an ancient city, built seven years prior to Zoan in Egypt (which places its founding at most 1700 BC). What the spies meet sobers them. For in this strongly fortified city alive a race of behemothic men called the descendants of Anak, the Anakites or the Anakim. (The "-im" suffix in Hebrew usually indicates the plural.)
When the spies return, they carry a huge cluster of grapes -- the fruit of the land -- on a pole between them. They talk about the affluence of the land, "it does menstruation with milk and dearest." But ten of the spies are clearly frightened by the prospect of conquest.
"The people who live there are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very large. We even saw descendants of Anak there. We seemed like grasshoppers in our own eyes, and we looked the same to them." (Numbers 13:28, 33)
The "bad written report" of the ten spies is contagious. Past nightfall, their negative assessment of the danger has spread throughout the camp, and with it the infectious fear of these tribal leaders. "That night all the people of the community raised their voices and wept aloud" (Numbers fourteen:ane). Women were sobbing that their husbands would exist killed in battle and their children left fatherless. Past morning, the men were ready to rebel, select another leader, and return to Egypt.
Caleb's Faith
But in the midst of this fright and unbelief ii men stood firm in faith and promise -- Caleb and Joshua. When the ten spies were sharing their tale of terror, the scripture reports,
"Then Caleb silenced the people before Moses and said, 'We should go upwardly and take possession of the land, for we can certainly do it." (Numbers 13:30)
The next day also, Caleb and Joshua try to sway the gathered Israelite crowds with their faith:
"The land we passed through and explored is exceedingly good. If the LORD (Yahweh) is pleased with us, he will atomic number 82 the states into that land, a land flowing with milk and love, and will give information technology to us. Only do not rebel against the LORD. And do not be afraid of the people of the land, because we will swallow them upwards. Their protection is gone, but the LORD is with us. Do non be afraid of them.'" (Numbers 14:seven-9)
Detect the positive attitude. Notice the explicit mention of Yahweh in their words. The ten spies don't fifty-fifty mention the LORD, merely what they take seen that terrifies them. Joshua and Caleb accept seen the same giants and the same heavily fortified cities, just they are looking through lenses of organized religion. They run into the LORD enabling them to conquer these people.
But that day fear prevailed. Without a people united in faith behind Moses, any enterprise would be doomed to failure. The unbelief which had spread throughout the camp resulted in disunity and rebellion -- as fright and unbelief always do. The LORD was aroused with the people and vowed that none of their generation would enter the Promised State, merely Caleb and Joshua.
This famous human activity of rebellion is memorialized in Psalm 95 and afterward quoted in Hebrews 3:vii-19.
"Today, if you hear his voice,
do non harden your hearts as you did at Meribah,
every bit y'all did that 24-hour interval at Massah in the desert,
where your fathers tested and tried me,
though they had seen what I did.
For forty years I was angry with that generation;
I said, 'They are a people whose hearts go astray,
and they have not known my means.'
So I declared on oath in my anger,
"They shall never enter my residual." (Psalm 95:7b-eleven)
But Caleb and Joshua are dissimilar. They are the exceptions. They take faith, and the obedience to follow God's directions.
"But because my servant Caleb has a different spirit and follows me wholeheartedly, I will bring him into the country he went to, and his descendants volition inherit it." (Numbers 14:24)
We see a similar quotation in Deuteronomy, where Moses recounts for the children of these rebels what God has said:
"... except Caleb son of Jephunneh. He will see it, and I will give him and his descendants the country he set his feet on, because he followed the LORD wholeheartedly." (Deuteronomy i:36)
Following Fully
Caleb followed the LORD "wholeheartedly" (NIV), with "complete allegiance" (NRSV), "wholly" (ESV, KJV).[50] What a testimony! So often we follow the Lord mostly, or when it suits usa. Just when things go tough, and we must lean on faith rather than sight, nosotros balk. Fear sets in, and we follow our fears instead of our faith.
Caleb is what Dr. Robert Schuller would have called a "possibility thinker," one who sees himself walking into the futurity, not lone, but leaning on the potent arm of his God. Friend, are y'all post-obit God fully right now? Are you fully obedient? If not, what in you needs to change and so you tin align yourself with him?
Q1. (Numbers 14:24; Joshua xiv:8) What does it hateful to follow the Lord "wholly" or "wholeheartedly"? How did Caleb and Joshua differ from the other spies? How does fright in leaders keep God's people from doing his will? Why was God angry with Israel for their unwillingness to enter the Promised Land?
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Was Hebron Reconquered past Caleb? (Joshua 14)
The sequence of Caleb'south taking of Hebron in Joshua 14 is difficult for scholars to resolve completely. There are two differing points of view.
1. Detailed account. Co-ordinate to this view, the account of the taking of Hebron and Debir in Joshua 11:22-23 "is anticipated and summarized as part of the conquest of the southern coalition." Thus the account in Joshua xiv
"... is intended as a detailed development of the entrada in chapter 11 and is signaled past both accounts ending with the phrase, 'And then the state had rest from war.' Thus this account is part of the overall conquest of the south."[51]
According to this view, the account of Caleb's driving out of the Anakites (14:12; fifteen:xiv) took place nether Joshua'due south generalship. Joshua is given credit, though his lieutenants fought the actual battles.[52]
2. Reconquest. However, it is also possible to see the southern entrada in Joshua 11 as the initial campaign to defeat the kings of these cities. Hebron was conquered past Joshua'due south army initially, but the inhabitants returned when the armies left, and they needed to be dislodged again by Caleb when he was ready to accept possession.
This apparently happened to Jerusalem (which was called Jebus). The male monarch of Jerusalem was captured and killed by Joshua (11:22-26), though some of his fleeing regular army were able to reach the fortified city of Jerusalem (11:20). Only in Joshua's time, the Israelites were not able to take Jerusalem (xv:63; Judges 1:21); the city was occupied past David but centuries subsequently (ii Samuel v:6), though Jebusites still endemic belongings in the city subsequently its capture (two Samuel 24:18-25).
According to this view, when it comes to settling his family a few years later, Caleb and his clan take to reconquer the giants, who apparently escaped the initial battles and lived in Philistine cities for a time (11:21-22).
Either of these two interpretations is possible, just I'm more inclined to the latter, where battles by the tribal militia took place during the settlement menses to finally clear the land and cities so that the Israelite families could settle in them.
In the final assay, it doesn't affair profoundly which manner it went. We know in our own personal spiritual battles that sometimes ground that we conquered early on in our Christian lives is lost because we failed to occupy it fully, and must be re-won. The battle is not over until we have fully occupied the basis. Then we must continue to defend information technology watchfully.
Caleb'due south Bold Claim (14:six-fifteen)
When nosotros come up to Joshua 14, Caleb is identified as the legendary spy-leader from the tribe of Judah 45 years previous. As Judah's tribal spokesman, he addresses Joshua, his erstwhile comrade-in-arms. Joshua knows the story, but Caleb repeats it once more for the sake of all the others who were only children at the time.
In the passage that follows, we hear "vintage Caleb," the voice of the old, faith-filled warrior who still believes in Yahweh's ability.
"half-dozen Now the men of Judah approached Joshua at Gilgal, and Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite said to him, 'You know what the LORD said to Moses the man of God at Kadesh Barnea about you and me. 7 I was forty years old when Moses the servant of the LORD sent me from Kadesh Barnea to explore the country. And I brought him back a study co-ordinate to my convictions, eight but my brothers who went up with me made the hearts of the people melt with fearfulness. I, however, followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly. 9 And then on that 24-hour interval Moses swore[53] to me, 'The land on which your feet accept walked volition exist your inheritance and that of your children forever, because you have followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly.'" (14:7-9)
Earlier the land west of the Jordan is fully distributed by lot (if the chronology of these chapters is sequential), Caleb stakes his ain claim, based on the hope fabricated to him by Moses and confirmed by an oath (though we do non have a record elsewhere of Moses' specific promise).
"Give Me This Mountain" (14:12)
Caleb's religion is on full display in verses 10-12.
"Just as the LORD promised, he has kept me live for forty-five years ... so here I am today, fourscore-v years former!" (14:10a)
"I am even so as strong today as the day Moses sent me out; I'grand merely every bit vigorous to go out to battle at present equally I was then." (14:11)
"Now requite me this colina state ("mountain," KJV)[54] that the LORD promised me that day." (14:12a)
"Yous yourself heard then that the Anakites were at that place and their cities were big and fortified, but the LORD helping me, I volition bulldoze them out only as he said." (14:12b)
Notice that in three out of the 4 statements in this section, Caleb mentions the name of Yahweh. "The LORD promised... The LORD promised... the LORD helping me." Hither is a man who has learned to trust in the promises of God and stake his whole future on them. He knows what it is like to have the LORD help him, and he is trusting that the LORD will go along to practise and so. This is exultant, powerful faith prior to the event. It sounds like bragging, just it is faith bragging on the power of God to keep his promises. I like that kind of religion!
Hebron
Joshua grants Caleb's asking.
"13 So Joshua blest Caleb son of Jephunneh and gave him Hebron equally his inheritance. fourteen So Hebron has belonged to Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite ever since, because he followed the LORD, the God of State of israel, wholeheartedly. 15 (Hebron used to be called Kiriath Arba after Arba, who was the greatest human amid the Anakites.) Then the country had balance from state of war." (14:thirteen-15)
Joshua gives Caleb Hebron as his inheritance. Evidently, the grant involves the whole loma country surrounding Hebron, including the city of Debir (15:thirteen-19), also known equally Kiriath-Sepher (15:15; Judges i:11) and Kiriath Sannah (15:49).
But why Hebron? The Hebron district, especially around the great oaks of Mamre,"[55] had been the home of Abraham for many years.
"Abram moved his tents and went to alive near the great copse of Mamre at Hebron, where he built an altar to the LORD." (Genesis xiii:xviii)
There he purchased the cavern of Machpelah for a burial place (Genesis 23:17).
James J. Tissot, 'Joshua Destroys the Giants' (1896-1902), gouache on board, eight.75 x 8.25 in., The Jewish Museum, New York.
Caleb and the other spies had walked hundreds of miles up to the northernmost part of Canaan and back once again. His feet had trod on the whole country. Simply of all Palestine that could have been his for the asking, Caleb chooses Hebron.
I think he wanted Hebron because in that location were the Anakite giants that had so terrified his fellow scouts 45 years previously. "Nosotros looked like grasshoppers in their optics," they whimpered. "Bring them on," says Caleb. "They're no match for the LORD!" Forty-five years before he had counseled, "Their protection is gone, only the LORD is with us" (Numbers xiv:9). Now he has a chance to prove it equally leader of "the men of Judah" (Judges 1:10). The giants represent the enemies of Conquest, and Caleb is ready for them.
Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai (15:14)
"From Hebron Caleb collection out the iii Anakites -- Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai -- descendants of Anak." (Joshua 15:14)
Scripture gives their names 3 times (hither; Numbers 13:22; Judges 1:10). Why? Because their names were well known. Giants are what legends are made of, like Goliath of Gath. Yous only name great opponents, and these giants are dandy enemies -- with groovy reputations to friction match. But Caleb fearlessly drives them out. Doubtless the story was told again and again around the campfires, "Do you lot remember when Caleb...."
Ambition and Faith
I've sometimes wondered, where is the fine line betwixt bald ambition and bold faith? Certainly, Caleb has cherished a forty-v-year-old ambition to defeat the Anakite giants. He has something to bear witness. He has a score to settle with them. Is this appetite of God? I believe then.
Wait at Moses. Moses doesn't want to pb the people out of Arab republic of egypt, only when he finally accepts this commission -- and God doesn't take "no" for an respond -- he puts all his center and soul into the task. He personally identifies his cause with God'south and his ambition with God'due south. When God wonders aloud about destroying the unbelieving Israelites, Moses knows God'due south heart and soul well enough to speak boldly most God'south interests..
Sometimes, the people around godly leaders misunderstand. They mistake strong leadership for pride. Even those closest to Moses -- Aaron and Miriam -- accuse him of pride:
"Miriam and Aaron began to talk against Moses because of his Cushite wife, for he had married a Cushite. 'Has the LORD spoken only through Moses?' they asked. 'Hasn't he also spoken through united states of america?' And the LORD heard this. (Now Moses was a very humble homo, more humble than anyone else on the face of the earth.)" (Numbers 12:ane-3)
Moses has internalized God'south desires so that God's desires go Moses' ambitions. Men may see it equally pride, but God sees Moses as a man after his ain heart, one to whom God speaks "face to face.""
Caleb, likewise, has developed a bold faith. When he is bragging, he is bragging on God, and exalting God, not himself. He and then identifies with God'due south cause that his ego is subsumed in God's -- much the same as that of the Apostle Paul a millennium afterward:
"I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I live past faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me." (Galatians 2:20)
Of course, we demand to examine our hearts to detect whatsoever self-exaltation we see there. It is certainly possible for leaders to develop an ugly, self-centered pride. Only our boldness tin can and should be in the LORD.
"'Allow him who boasts boast almost this:
that he understands and knows me,
that I am the LORD, who exercises kindness,
justice and righteousness on earth,
for in these I delight,' declares the LORD" (Jeremiah 9:24)
Q2. (Joshua 14:six-fourteen) Why is Caleb exhibitionistic in verse 12? Is this a character flaw or a trait to exist emulated? Why do you think he claimed the hill country of Hebron for his inheritance? How can a stiff leader be truly humble? Why are strong leaders oft tempted towards pride?
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A Organized religion-Filled Son-in-Law (15:fifteen-17; Judges 1:11-thirteen)
James J. Tissot, 'Othniel' (1896-1903), gouache on lath, The Jewish Museum, New York. I used this low-res image as the basis of a watercolor I painted for the volume cover for this serial, since it is such a heroic stance.
Now nosotros move from the conquest of Hebron to the conquest of Debir, simply 8 miles (xiii km.) southwest of Hebron. [56] Debir (also known equally Kiriath Sepher and Kiriath Sannah, 15:49) was a strategically placed, walled Canaanite city-country, ruled by a king (10:39; 12:13). Along with Hebron, this area had been occupied by the Anakites.
But for some reason, Caleb decides not to pb the attack himself. Rather, he throws out a challenge:
"fifteen From there he marched against the people living in Debir (formerly called Kiriath Sepher). xvi And Caleb said, 'I will give my girl Acsah in marriage to the human being who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher.' 17 Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb'southward brother, took it; and so Caleb gave his daughter Acsah to him in marriage." (15:15-17)
In the West these days, fathers and mothers don't usually determine whom their daughters volition marry. Dear is blind, and love reigns. Merely in Caleb's day -- and to the nowadays twenty-four hour period in much of the East -- fathers make up one's mind whom their daughters will marry, and try to detect for their daughters men who volition do expert by them, and enhance the family'southward fortunes. How better to select a son-in-law for your daughter than to offer her in marriage to the man who leads in the attack and capture of a fortified city? That way you get a assuming, faith-filled son-in-law..
Othniel, son of Caleb's younger brother Kenaz (Judges 1:13), accepts the challenge and leads his forces to take the city. He, too, is a homo of organized religion, and no uncertainty desires Acsah, whose proper noun means "woman'due south anklet" (and the status of beingness Caleb'due south son-in-law). Though we might question marrying one's niece, information technology was not forbidden by the Mosaic Law (Leviticus xviii), and was therefore allowable.
Obviously, this is the same Othniel who serves equally a judge afterwards on.
"9 Just when the people of State of israel cried out to the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer for the people of Israel, who saved them, Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. 10 The Spirit of the LORD was upon him, and he judged State of israel. He went out to war, and the LORD gave Cushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his mitt. And his hand prevailed over Cushan-rishathaim. 11 And so the land had balance twoscore years. Then Othniel the son of Kenaz died." (Judges iii:9-11)
Q3. (Joshua 15:15-17; Judges 3:nine-11) What can we deduce nigh Othniel's character from Joshua 15:xv-17? Why does Caleb offer his daughter in marriage? How does this narrow the selection of a son-in-police force? What is the power behind Othniel's judgeship according to Judges 3:10?
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A Organized religion-Filled Daughter (15:17-xix)
Like father, similar daughter. Acsah seems to possess the boldness that characterizes her father.
"17 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, captured information technology. And he gave him Acsah his daughter equally wife. 18 When she came to him, she urged him to enquire her father for a field. And she got off her donkey, and Caleb said to her, 'What do you want?' 19 She said to him, 'Give me a blessing. Since you lot have given me the land of the Negeb, give me besides springs of water.' And he gave her the upper springs and the lower springs." (fifteen:17-xix)
Acsah asks her husband to request a field from her father Caleb, who controls the land in the region effectually Debir.[57] But she doesn't expect for her request to go through channels. As soon as she sees her begetter, while alighting from her ass, Caleb can run into that she has something on her mind (possibly Othniel has warned him that she wants the field), so Caleb asks her, "What can I do for you."
"She replied, 'Do me a special favor. Since you have given me state in the Negev [desert], give me too the springs of water.' Then Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs." (15:nineteen))
Negev is frequently used every bit a identify proper noun, but means here seems to be used generically as "desert-land,"[58] since Debir is not in what was considered the Negev proper, but in a comparatively dry location.[59]
Arid land is worthless without water. If Acsah is going to alive in Debir, she would demand water.
So she asks for the "upper springs" and "lower springs." These must refer to water sources outside the natural territorial limits of Debir, but close enough to be transferred to its jurisdiction. The word translated "springs" is gullō ṯ, literally "bowl(s)," divers by W. F. Albright every bit "subterranean pockets and basins of water nether some of the wadis," to which access was gained by cutting a well shaft through the rock in the dry creek beds.[60]
So she comes boldly to her begetter and asks for what she needs. Caleb grants it to her without a quarrel.
Caleb knows the LORD and the LORD'Due south willingness to fulfill his promises. And Acsah knows her begetter and doesn't hesitate to inquire for what she needs. She knows he will grant it. That, too, is faith. When we know our Heavenly Male parent, we aren't afraid to ask for what we need, for we know that he loves us and delights in blessing us.
Acsah is a adult female who volition not be denied her full inheritance. So often nosotros are likewise timid or afraid to boldly take what God promises united states of america. We meet examples of similar strong women in the New Testament.
- The woman with the menstruum of claret presses through the crowd to get close enough to Jesus that she can bear upon the hem of his garment, and receives her healing -- and citation from Jesus (Luke 8:43-48; Matthew 9:20-22; Mark 5:24-34).
- The Syro-Phoenician woman presses Jesus to heal her daughter, even though she is a foreigner and non a Jew, and receives her asking with Jesus' admiration of her faith (Matthew 15:21-28; Marker vii:24-thirty).
- A sinful adult female anoints Jesus in a Pharisee's home out of thankfulness and dear, and though scorned by the Pharisee, receives balls of forgiveness and conservancy from Jesus (Luke 7:36-l).
- Mary of Bethany, motivated by dear, anoints Jesus with extravagantly expensive perfume, though the disciples rebuke her for it. Jesus promises that her story will be retold wherever the gospel is preached (John 12:ane-8; Matthew 26:6-13; Marker xiv:3-9).
- The persistent widow is featured in one of Jesus' parables where she won't quit pestering an unjust judge until he gives her justice (Luke 18:1-5).
Q4. (Joshua fifteen:17-19) What exercise we acquire about Acsah's grapheme from this passage? Proper name some examples of strong women of faith in the Bible. Name some strong women of religion y'all have known personally.
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A Faith-Filled Heritage
We, likewise, like Caleb, Othniel, and Acsah, are office of a faith-filled family of God'south people throughout the ages. Exemplars of religion are found on the pages of the Bible -- as well equally in the lives of mature men and women in our churches. For our children and for generations to follow, you and I are the exemplars of faith. We are the ones who demand to take hold of God with a tenacious disrespect and not permit go, that we might heighten up children in the faith after us.
"Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so slap-up a cloud of witnesses, permit us lay bated every weight, and the sin which doth then easily aggress us, and let us run with patience the race that is ready earlier us, looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith...." (Hebrews 12:ane-2a, KJV))
Lessons for Disciples
Caleb'southward story offers a number of lessons of faith we can learn.
- God honors those who follow wholly or wholeheartedly. Disciples must non only see the realities of our globe, but fearlessly obey the Lord, even though the obstacles are great (Numbers xiv;24; xiv:8).
- We need to have a long-term view of waiting on God to fulfill his promises. Then, when the time is right, move boldly forward.
- Disciples boast in the Lord, though they must exist careful to be humble earlier the Lord.
- One style of discerning leadership in others is to place before them a challenge and see who rises to the challenge (Joshua 15:15-17; Judges 3:9-11).
- At that place is a long tradition of stiff women of God (and men) who are non content to permit life happen to them, but who printing in to receive God's promise (Joshua fifteen:17-19). We should seek to follow in their steps.
Prayer
Lord, give thanks you for men and women of faith who held on until they received the promise. Forgive united states of america for our "footling faith." But nosotros ask y'all to give united states of america the kind of tenacious faith and patience, that nosotros too might be known equally believers in the Living God similar Caleb. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen.
Primal Verses
"I ... followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly. So on that twenty-four hour period Moses swore to me, 'The country on which your feet have walked volition exist your inheritance and that of your children forever, considering you have followed the LORD my God wholeheartedly.'" (Joshua xiv:8-nine, NIV)
"Here I am today, eighty-5 years one-time! I am nonetheless as strong today every bit the twenty-four hours Moses sent me out; I'grand just every bit vigorous to become out to boxing at present as I was and then. Now give me this hill state that the LORD promised me that day. You lot yourself heard and so that the Anakites were there and their cities were big and fortified, but, the LORD helping me, I will drive them out just as he said." (Joshua xiv:10b-12, NIV)
"Caleb said, 'I volition requite my daughter Acsah in marriage to the man who attacks and captures Kiriath Sepher.' Othniel son of Kenaz, Caleb'due south brother, took it; then Caleb gave his girl Acsah to him in marriage." (Joshua 15:16-17, NIV)
"[Acsah] replied, 'Practice me a special favor. Since you have given me land in the Negev, requite me also springs of water.' So Caleb gave her the upper and lower springs." (Joshua 15:19, NIV)
Endnotes
[49] Rehob is a city "near the entrance of Hamath" (Numbers xiii:21), probably the same as Beth-Rehob (2 Samuel 8:3; 10:half-dozen, viii; Judges 18:28). This was probably located at the southern pes of Mt. Hermon (A.A. Anderson, 2 Samuel [Word Biblical Commentary; Word, 1989], p. 132), virtually Dan, probably the present-day Lebweh on the Orontes River below Riblah (Timothy R. Ashley, The Book of Numbers [The New International Commentary on the Former Testament; Eerdmans, p. 237).
[50] "Wholeheartedly" (NIV), with "consummate allegiance" (NRSV), "wholly" (ESV, KJV) is Hebrew mâlê ʾ, "to exist full." In the Piel stem information technology has the significant "remain loyal to" (Holladay, 195).
[51] Hess, Joshua (Tyndale), pp. 240-41.
[52] Woudstra, p. 197, footnote 14, considers this a possibility, though he sees a reconquering of Hebron.
[53] "Swore" is the Niphal stem of shābaʿ, "pledge" (Holladay, p. 359, iii). The verb is closely related to the Hebrew word for "seven."
[54] "Loma country" (NIV, NRSV, ESV), "mountain" (KJV) is har, which means in the singular (as here), "mountains, mountain range" (Holladay, p. 83).
[55] "Trees" (NIV), "oaks" (NRSV, ESV), "plain" (KJV) is the plural of ʾēlôn, "great tree, tree of God." The noun is derived from ʾel/ohim, "God." (Holladay, pp. 16-17).
[56] Biblical Debir is probably to be identified with the present village of Khirbet Rabûd (A.F. Rainey, "Debir," ISBE 1:903-904).
[57] The Septuagint, on the opposite, indicates that Othniel asked Acsah to ask her father.
[58] "Negev" (NIV), "Negeb" (NRSV, ESV), "a south land" (KJV) is due north egeb, "s," and so "desert-country" of the Negeb, in the southward of Canaan (Holladay, p. 225).
[59] William S. La Sor, "Kiriath-sepher," ISBE 3:42.
[60] Woudstra, Joshua, p. 242.
Copyright © 2022, Ralph F. Wilson. <pastor
Source: http://www.jesuswalk.com/joshua/7_caleb.htm
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